![]() Mangalore's historical importance is highlighted by the many references to the city by foreign travellers. Main article: History of Mangalore Early and medieval history Mangalore was officially renamed "Mangaluru" by the Karnataka government on 1 November 2014. In Malayalam, the city is called "Mangalapuram". In Konkani, Mangalore is referred to as Kodiyal and the Beary name for the city is Maikala. In Tulu, which is the region's primary spoken language, the city is called Kudla, meaning junction because it is situated at the confluence of the Netravati and Gurupura rivers. Mangalore's diverse communities have different names for the city in their languages. : 2 The city's name appears on maps as far back as the 1652 Sanson Map of India. Moraes, however, the word Mangalore is the Portuguese corruption of Mangaluru. During British rule from 1799, the anglicised version Mangalore became the official appellation. Hence, it was also known by the name Manjalūr in Arabic. Mangalore was historically an important centre of Indian Ocean trade on the Malabar coast. In the Kannada language, the city is known as Mangaluru, a reference to Mangaladevi (the suffix uru means town or city). During the Alupa dynasty period, it was referred to as Mangalapura ( Mangala means 'auspicious'). Many shilashasanas (stones) of the Vijayanagara period refer the city as Mangalapura. Ramesh, president of the Place Names Society of India, Mangaluru was first used in 1345 CE during Vijayanagara rule. The city and the coastal region were part of the Pandyan Kingdom. One of the earliest references to the city's name was in 715 CE when Pandyan King Chettian called the city Mangalapuram. When she died, the people consecrated the Mangaladevi temple at Bolar in her honour. She arrived in the area with Matsyendranath, but had to settle near Bolar in Mangalore because she fell ill on the way. Having converted Premaladevi to the Nath sect, Matsyendranath renamed her Mangaladevi. According to local legend, a princess named Parimala or Premaladevi from Malabar renounced her kingdom and became a disciple of Matsyendranath, the founder of the Nath tradition. Mangalore was named after the deity Mangaladevi, the presiding deity of the Mangaladevi Temple, or a synonym of the goddess Tara of the Vajrayana Buddhist sect. It has its own International Airport which is around 15 km from the city centre. It has a tropical monsoon climate and is under the influence of the southwest monsoon. It has an average elevation of 22 m (72 ft) above mean sea level. Mangalore is included as one of the cities in the Smart Cities Mission list and is among the 100 smart cities to be developed in India. Its landscape is characterised by rolling hills, coconut palms, rivers, and hard laterite soil. Mangalore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration which manages the 60 wards of the city. Mangalore is a commercial, industrial, business, educational, healthcare, and startup hub. The Dakshina Kannada district with its administrative headquarters at Mangalore has the highest Per Capita Income and Gross State Domestic Product in Karnataka, after Bangalore. Mangalore is one of the fastest developing cities in India. Mangalore remained part of the Madras Presidency until India's independence in 1947 and was unified with Mysore State (now called Karnataka) in 1956. The city was a source of contention between the British and the Kingdom of Mysore rulers Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, and was eventually annexed by the British in 1799. Mangalore has been ruled by several major powers, including the Mauryan empire, Kadambas, Alupas, Vijayanagar Empire, Keladi Nayaks, and the Portuguese. It is also the country's seventh largest container port. The city developed as a port in the Arabian Sea during ancient times, and after Independence a new port was constructed in 1968 and has since become a major port of India that handles 75 percent of India's coffee and cashew exports. It is known for being one of the locations of the Indian strategic petroleum reserves. The population of the urban agglomeration was 619,664 according to the 2011 national census of India. Mangalore is the state's only city to have all four modes of transport-air, road, rail and sea. ![]() It is located between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats about 352 km (219 mi) west of Bangalore, the state capital, 14 km north of Karnataka– Kerala border and 297 km south of Goa. Mangalore ( / ˈ m æ ŋ ɡ ə l ɔːr, ˌ m æ ŋ ɡ ə ˈ l ɔː r/ MANG-gə-lor, - LOR), officially known as Mangaluru, is a major industrial port city in the Indian state of Karnataka and on the west coast of India.
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